Driving Forces Behind the Technology Shift

The expectation of universal and affordable connectivity is becoming a reality. End users now demand seamless, continuous access, recognizing the internet’s critical role in fulfilling fundamental human needs. Consequently, universal and reliable connectivity is a strategic priority for governments worldwide.

However, managing these diverse connectivity environments requires sophisticated mechanisms that dynamically adapt user access policies and traffic management to prevailing network conditions. For instance, high-bandwidth, low-cost settings dif-fer significantly from low-bandwidth, higher-cost scenarios. Here, “cost” refers not only to financial expenses but also to factors like latency, resource scarcity (e.g., challenges associated with LEO satellites), and the suitability of use cases (e.g., using satellite access for large-scale advertising might be questionable).

To enable this adaptive approach, a common, flex-ible architecture must be implemented, supported by key technological enablers such as:

• Network and Service Transformation: Facilitate dynamic, policy-driven control.
• Robust Subscriber Data Management and Authentication Systems: Employ data models
  defined by the operator rather than the vendor.
• Data-Driven Policy Frameworks: Ensure control by the telecom operator, avoiding reliance
  on vendor-dictated solutions.
• Modular, Cloud-Native, and Interoperable Software Components: Guarantee flexibility and scalability.
• Reliable platforms focused on security: Ensure service availability and user security.

The Impact on How Mobile Operators Deliver Connectivity

The evolving landscape highlights the importance of integrating multiple access technologies to optimize
coverage, capacity, and cost-efficiency.

• Wi-Fi excels in providing indoor coverage.
• Cellular networks serve high-density urban areas efficiently.
• Satellites are optimal for outdoor areas with no existing mobile coverage.